25CRW

Super Duplex 25 Chrome alloys, including 25CRW and 25CRS, are cold-hardened duplex stainless steels designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and moderately sour (H2S) environments with high chloride concentrations, providing high strength up to 450°F.

The “Super” designation signifies a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of ≥40, offering enhanced protection against H2S and localized corrosion from high chloride levels and/or oxygen, compared to standard 25 Chrome. As a result, these alloys are commonly used in tubing and liners for seawater and water injection wells. However, it is important to evaluate all relevant environmental factors, including H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

These alloys are classified under MR0175/ISO15156 as duplex stainless steels with a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) ≥40, suitable for environments with H2S partial pressures up to 3.0 psi.

Super Duplex 25 Chrome

Super Duplex 25 Chrome alloys, including 25CRW and 25CRS, are cold-hardened duplex stainless steels designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and moderately sour (H2S) environments with high chloride concentrations, providing high strength up to 450°F.

The “Super” designation signifies a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) of ≥40, offering enhanced protection against H2S and localized corrosion from high chloride levels and/or oxygen, compared to standard 25 Chrome. As a result, these alloys are commonly used in tubing and liners for seawater and water injection wells. However, it is important to evaluate all relevant environmental factors, including H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

These alloys are classified under MR0175/ISO15156 as duplex stainless steels with a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) ≥40, suitable for environments with H2S partial pressures up to 3.0 psi.

25 Chrome

25 Chrome (UNS S31260), also known as 2507 Duplex or Chromium-25, is a cold-hardened duplex stainless steel designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and mildly sour (H2S) environments with high chloride content, providing high strength up to 450°F.

Compared to 22 Chrome, 25 Chrome offers enhanced resistance to CO2, chlorides, pH variations, and elevated temperatures. This makes it suitable for use in deeper wells with high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where pitting corrosion from high chloride concentrations is a concern. It is commonly used for downhole tubular components, casing, packers, and other subsurface equipment, and is often selected for critical Class VI well projects, such as those involving Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS).

This alloy is classified under NACE MR0175/ISO15156 as a duplex stainless steel with a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) ≤40, making it suitable for environments with H2S partial pressures up to 0.3 psi.

22 Chrome / 2205

22 Chrome (UNS S31803), commonly known as 2205 Duplex or 22Cr, is a cold-hardened duplex stainless steel designed to provide corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and mildly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride concentrations, offering high strength up to 400°F.

Compared to Super 13 Chrome, 22Cr delivers superior mechanical properties and enhanced resistance to the effects of CO2, chlorides, pH changes, and elevated temperatures. Its increased strength and temperature tolerance make it suitable for use in deeper wells under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where it is used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment. It is important to consider all relevant environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before selecting this material.

This alloy is classified under MR0175/ISO15156 as a duplex stainless steel with a Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number (PREN) ≤40, suitable for environments with H2S partial pressure up to 0.3 psi.

17 Chrome

17 Chrome is a quenched and tempered martensitic-ferritic stainless steel designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) environments with moderate chloride levels, providing high strength up to 400°F. Compared to standard 13 Chrome, 17 Chrome offers improved mechanical properties and greater resistance to the effects of CO2, chlorides, pH variations, and elevated temperatures. Its higher strength and better temperature resistance, relative to Super 13 Chrome, make it well-suited for high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions in deeper wells, where it is used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment.

In certain HPHT applications, 17 Chrome can be a cost-effective alternative to duplex stainless steels like 22 Chrome. However, it is essential to consider all environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before selecting the appropriate material.

17 Chrome is not recommended for use in sour service environments.

15 Chrome

15 Chrome, also known as Super 15 Chrome, is a quenched and tempered martensitic-ferritic stainless steel designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) environments with moderate chloride levels, offering high strength up to 400°F. Compared to standard 13 Chrome, 15 Chrome provides enhanced mechanical properties and superior resistance to the effects of CO2, chlorides, pH variations, and higher temperatures. Its improved strength and temperature tolerance, relative to Super 13 Chrome, make it suitable for deeper wells operating under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where it is used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment.

In certain applications, 15 Chrome may serve as a more cost-effective alternative to duplex stainless steels like 22 Chrome in HPHT environments. However, it is crucial to evaluate all relevant environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

Super 15 Chrome, grade 125, is not recommended for use in sour service conditions.

Super 13 Chrome

The Super 13 Chrome alloys, including UNS S41426 and HP-2, are quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steels designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and mildly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride content, effective up to 350°F.

Compared to standard 13 Chrome, Super 13 Chrome alloys offer enhanced mechanical properties and improved resistance to CO2, H2S, chlorides, pH variations, and high temperatures. Their higher strength and better temperature performance make them suitable for deeper wells with high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where they are used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment. Additionally, Super 13 Chrome alloys exhibit superior resistance to H2S and chlorides compared to Modified 13 Chrome, making them ideal for mild sour environments.

UNS S41426 is listed in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Table A.19, with a recommended limit of 1.5 psi partial pressure of H2S. It is classified by API 5CRA/ISO13680 as Group 1, Category 13-5-2 alloy, approved for sour service in the 95 ksi yield strength condition.

13CR-HP2

The Super 13 Chrome alloys, including UNS S41426 and 13CR-HP2, are quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steels designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) and mildly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride content, effective up to 350°F.

Compared to standard 13 Chrome, Super 13 Chrome alloys offer enhanced mechanical properties and improved resistance to CO2, H2S, chlorides, pH variations, and high temperatures. Their higher strength and better temperature performance make them suitable for deeper wells with high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where they are used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment. Additionally, Super 13 Chrome alloys exhibit superior resistance to H2S and chlorides compared to Modified 13 Chrome, making them ideal for mild sour environments.

UNS S41426 is listed in NACE MR0175/ISO 15156 Table A.19, with a recommended limit of 1.5 psi partial pressure of H2S. It is classified by API 5CRA/ISO13680 as Group 1, Category 13-5-2 alloy, approved for sour service in the 95 ksi yield strength condition.

Modified 13 Chrome

The Modified 13 Chrome alloys, including 13CRM and HP-1, are quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steels designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) environments with chloride exposure, operating at temperatures up to 350°F. Compared to standard 13 Chrome, these alloys offer enhanced strength and corrosion resistance, particularly in higher-temperature and higher-chloride conditions. This makes them suitable for use in deeper wells with elevated pressures and temperatures, commonly found in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment.

While the Modified 13 Chrome alloys provide better resistance to pitting corrosion than 13Cr L80, they remain susceptible to localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). As such, higher-performance alloys are recommended for applications in sour service or environments with high chloride content.

13CR-HP1

13 Chrome HP-1 is a quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steel designed for corrosion resistance in sweet (CO2) environments with chloride exposure, operating at temperatures up to 350°F. Compared to standard 13 Chrome, the modified 13 chrome alloys offer enhanced strength and corrosion resistance, particularly in higher-temperature and higher-chloride conditions. This makes them suitable for use in deeper wells with elevated pressures and temperatures, commonly found in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment.

While 13 Chrome HP-1 provides better resistance to pitting corrosion than 13Cr L80, the alloy remains susceptible to localized corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and sulfide stress cracking (SSC). NACE MR0175/ISO15156 does not provide guidance for use of these alloys in sour service. As such, higher-performance alloys are recommended for applications in sour service or environments with high chloride content.

13 Chrome

13 Chrome is a quenched and tempered martensitic stainless steel primarily used for corrosion resistance in environments with CO2 (sweet) and mild H2S (sour) exposure, with an operational temperature limit of up to 300°F. It is commonly applied in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment. This material is included in API 5CT as Group 2, Grade L80, Type 13Cr, and its yield strength and hardness are controlled to meet NACE MR0175 requirements.

While 13 Chrome L80 offers effective resistance in mildly corrosive conditions, its performance can be limited by factors such as pH, chloride concentration, temperature, and H2S content. According to NACE MR0175/ISO 15156, it is recommended for environments with a maximum H2S partial pressure of 1.5 psi and a pH ≥ 3.5 (refer to Table A.19).

C276

C276 (UNS N10276) is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy designed to perform under the most demanding well conditions, with a temperature tolerance up to 450°F.

Not only does C276 offer exceptional corrosion resistance in the harshest environments, but it also achieves higher strengths compared to other nickel alloys. As a result, it is widely used for downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment in high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) wells, Saltwater Injection wells, and Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. However, it is important to carefully assess all environmental factors, including H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

This alloy is classified as a type 4e alloy in MR0175/ISO15156, with no restrictions on H2S partial pressure below 400°F and is resistant to 1000 psi H2S at 450°F.

2550

Alloy 2550 (UNS N06255) is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy designed for corrosion resistance in highly sour (H2S) environments with high chloride levels, offering high strength up to 400°F.

With its elevated nickel and molybdenum content, 2550 Alloy enhances the sour service performance of nickel alloys while providing superior protection against chlorides and dissolved oxygen. This makes it ideal for use in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment in severely sour wells under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, as well as in saltwater injection wells and Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. However, careful consideration of all environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, is essential before selecting the final material.

For sour service applications, Alloy 2550 is categorized as a type 4d alloy in MR0175/ISO15156, with no limitations on H2S partial pressure below 300°F, and it can withstand 300 psi H2S at 425°F.

G3

Alloy G3 (UNS N06985) is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy designed for corrosion resistance in highly sour (H2S) environments with high chloride levels, offering high strength up to 400°F.

With its elevated nickel and molybdenum content, G3 extends the sour service capabilities of nickel alloys, while also delivering exceptional resistance to chlorides and dissolved oxygen. As a result, it is frequently used in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment for severely sour wells operating under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, saltwater injection wells, and Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. However, it is essential to evaluate all environmental factors, including H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

For sour service conditions, G3 is classified as a type 4d alloy in MR0175/ISO15156, with no restrictions on H2S partial pressure below 300°F and capable of withstanding 300 psi H2S at 425°F.

825

Alloy 825 (UNS N08825), also known as 2242, is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy designed for corrosion resistance in highly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride levels, offering high strength up to 350°F.

Alloy 825 provides superior resistance to H2S compared to stainless steels, making it suitable for applications such as downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment in sour wells under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, as well as in Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. However, it is important to consider all environmental factors, including H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before finalizing material selection.

This alloy is classified as a type 4c alloy in MR0175/ISO15156, with no restrictions for H2S partial pressure below 270°F and resistance to 200 psi H2S at 350°F.

2535

Alloy 2535 (UNS N08535) is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy engineered for corrosion resistance in highly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride levels, providing high strength up to 350°F.

Compared to stainless steels, 2535 offers enhanced protection against the effects of H2S, making it suitable for use in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment in sour wells under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, as well as in Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. However, it is essential to evaluate all environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentration, before selecting the appropriate material.

UNS N08535 is classified under MR0175/ISO15156 as a type 4c alloy, with no restrictions for H2S partial pressure below 270°F, and it can withstand 200 psi H2S at 350°F.

28 Chrome

28 Chrome (UNS N08028), also known as Alloy 28, is a cold-hardened nickel-based alloy designed for corrosion resistance in highly sour (H2S) environments with moderate chloride levels, providing high strength up to 350°F.

Compared to stainless steels, 28 Chrome offers superior resistance to the effects of H2S, making it suitable for use in downhole tubular components, packers, and other subsurface equipment in sour wells with high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, as well as in Acid Gas Injection (AGI) wells. It also exhibits exceptional resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in environments with chlorides. However, it is crucial to assess all environmental factors, such as H2S, CO2, temperature, pH, and chloride concentrations, before selecting the appropriate material.

The alloy is classified as a type 4c alloy in MR0175/ISO15156, with no limitations for H2S partial pressure below 270°F and resistance to 200 psi H2S at 350°F.